NAME	DESCRIPTION	LINK
1D Gel	One dimensional gels are used to separate an analyte using one physical feature of the analyte.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001121
2D Gel	Two dimensional gels are used to separate an analyte using two physical features of the analyte.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001121
Array	Arrays (including microarrays) are a set of probes immobilized on a surface. The probes can be oligonucleotides, cDNAs, antibodies and other molecules that recognize a target. Microarrays can be constructed by several methods including (but not limited to in situ oligo synthesis (e.g. Affymetrix), cDNA spotting, bead arrays (e.g. Illumina) and antibody spotting. The position and identity of probes are provided by the manufacturer. The probe identifiers and their target are referred to as annotation or translation of probe identifiers to bioinformatic identifiers. Microarrays can be used for gene expression (mRNA transcript quantification), genotyping, cytokine quantification, etc. Microarrays for gene expression fall into two general classes- single channel and dual channel. The channel refers to the wavelength scanned for fluorescent signals. Affymetrix microarrays are obligatory single channel. There are a host of commercial and non-commercial microarray meanufacturers that use two c	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0400147 ; http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001204 ; http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001307 ;  http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0400149
Cell Culture	A cell culture includes the cells in culture, as well as the media and all additives in which the cells are being grown or in which they are stored.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001876
Circular Dichroism	Circular Dichroism is a form of spectroscopy used to determine the optical isomerism and secondary structure of molecules.	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_Dichroism
CyTOF	Cytometry Time Of Flight CyTOF (DVS Sciences) or Mass cytometry, or , is a variation of flow cytometry in which antibodies are labeled with heavy metal ion tags rather than fluorochromes. Readout is by time-of-flight mass spectrometry.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002115
Cytometric Bead Array Assay	An analyte assay in which a series of beads coated with antibodies specific for different analytes and marked with discrete fluorescent labels are used to simultaneously capture and quantitate soluble analytes.	purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000920
ELISA	Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbant Assay. Quantification of a molecule (e.g cytokine) by an antibody immobilization strategy.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000661
ELISPOT	Enzyme-linked ImmunoSPOT. A variant of ELISA with increased resolution that allows quantifying the number of cells in a population that release a molecule (e.g. cytokine).	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0600031
EMSA	Electrophoretic mobility shift assay  is an assay which aims to provide information about Protein-DNA or Protein-RNA interaction and which used gel electrophoresis and relies on the fact the molecular interactions will cause the heterodimer to be retarded on the gel when compared to controls corresponding to protein extract alone and protein extract + neutral nucleic acid.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001671
Exome Sequencing	Technique for sequencing all the protein-coding genes in a genome (known as the exome). Sequencing process which uses deoxyribonucleic acid as input and results in a the creation of DNA sequence information artifact.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002118
Flow Cytometry	Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000916
HLA Typing	Human Leukocyte Antigen typing.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002122
HPLC	High Performace Liquid Chromotography is used to separate components of a mixture by using a variety of chemical interactions between the substance being analyzed (analyte) and the chromatography column.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002116
Hemagglutination Inhibition	Quantitate serum antibody to a specific antigen by blocking agglutination of cells.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000875
Immunoblot	a western blot analysis is an assay which allows detection of protein present in a extract resolved on polyacrylamide gel by electrophoresis, transfered to a membrane made of nitrocellulose or polyvinylidene difluoride and immobilized using formaldehyde based cross linking.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000854
Immunoprecipitation	An assay with the objective to determine presence of an analyte by mixing a solution of antigen and antibody and separating out bound antigen:antibody complexes using immunoprecipitation.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001700
KIR Typing	Killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_000212
Line Probe Assay	PCR amplification of a genomic region is performed using biotinylated primers. Following amplification, labelled PCR products are hybridized with specific oligonucleotide probes immobilized on a strip.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000892
Liquid Chromatography	Chromatography is the collective term for a family of laboratory techniques for the separation of mixtures. It involves passing a mixture which contains the analyte through a stationary phase, which separates it from other molecules in the mixture and allows it to be isolated.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001057
Luminex xMAP	Microsphere based multiplexing system. Microspheres are color coded and linked to a detector or capture reagent (e.g. antibody, oligonucleotides, peptides, or receptors).	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000920
Mass Spectrometry	Mass spectrometry is an analytical technique used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000470
Meso Scale Discovery ECL	MSD Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) detection uses labels that emit light when electrochemically stimulated.	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrochemiluminescence
Microscopy	Visualization of very small entities from cellular to sub-cellular and molecular resolution depending on technique.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002119
Mixed Lymphocyte Reaction	Mixed lymphocyte reaction test is a measure of histocompatibility at the HLA locus. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from two individuals are mixed together in tissue culture for several days; lymphocytes from incompatible individuals will stimulate each other to proliferate significantly (e.g. measured by tritiated thymidine uptake) whereas those from compatible individuals will not; in the one\-way MLC test, the lymphocytes from one of the individuals are inactivated thereby allowing only the untreated remaining population of cells to proliferate in response to foreign histocompatibility antigens.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002120
Molecular Cloning	Molecular cloning refers to the procedure isolating a DNA sequence of interest and obtaining multiple copies of it in an organism.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0600064
NMR	Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy is a technique for determining the structure of organic compounds.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000623
Nanostring	Nanostring technology uses molecular "barcodes" and single molecule imaging to detect and count hundreds of unique transcripts in a single reaction.	http://www.nanostring.com/applications/technology
Neutralizing Antibody Titer Assay	A quantitative assay where different dilutions of serum are mixed with virus and used to infect cells. At the lower dilutions, antibodies will block infection, but at higher dilutions, there will be too few antibodies to have an effect. The simple process of dilution provides a way to compare the virus- neutralizing abilities of different sera. The neutralization titer is expressed as the reciprocal of the highest dilution at which virus infection is blocked.	purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000872
Northern Blot	Northern blots are a derivative of Southern blots where RNA that has been size fractionated (often by 1-D gel electrophoresis) is immobilized on a substrate (e.g. a charged nylon membrane). The blot is(are) hybridized with a labeled probe(s). The position on the blot and the intensity of the label's signal can be used to estimate RNA size and concentration, respectively.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000860
Other	Other Experiment Measurement Technique not listed.	
PCR	Polymerase Chain Reaction is a technique to amplify a DNA template.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000415
Q-PCR	Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction is used to measure the gene expression of transcripts by comparing the number of cycles in a sample needed to reach a certain threshold value with the known quantities of a transcript needed to reach the same threshold.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000415
RNA sequencing	Sequencing process which uses ribonucleic acid as input and results in a the creation of RNA sequence information artifact.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001177;http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001271
Rnase Protection Assay	A laboratory technique to identify individual RNA molecules in a heterogeneous RNA sample extracted from cells.	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNase_protection_assay
Sequencing	Sequencing is used to discover new sequence variants and to genotype a sample for known variants.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0600047
Southern Blot	A Southern blot is a method of capturing DNA molecules that have been seperated by agarose gel electrophoresis for subsequent analysis.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000892
Surface Plasmon Resonance	An assay that uses the detection of electromagnetic waves in a surface to detect material entities adsorbed to the surface, which changes the local index of refraction.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000923
TCID50	50 percent Tissue Culture Infective Dose, (TCID50) is the measure of infectious virus titer. This endpoint dilution assay quantifies the amount of virus required to kill 50% of infected hosts or to produce a cytopathic effect in 50% of inoculated tissue culture cells.	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_Quantification
Virus Neutralization	Block a viral function.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000872
Western Blot	Western blot is a method in molecular biology/biochemistry/immunogenetics to detect protein in a given sample of tissue homogenate or extract. It uses gel electrophoresis to separate denatured proteins by mass. The proteins are then transferred out of the gel and onto a membrane (typically nitrocellulose), where they are probed using antibodies specific to the protein. As a result, researchers can examine the amount of protein in a given sample and compare levels between several groups. Other techniques also using antibodies allow detection of proteins in tissues (immunohistochemistry) and cells (immunocytochemistry). The confirmatory HIV test employs a western blot to detect anti-HIV antibody in a human serum sample. A Western blot is also used as the definitive test for Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, commonly referred to as 'mad cow disease'). Some forms of Lyme disease testing employ Western blotting.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000854
Whole Genome Sequencing	Laboratory process that determines the complete DNA sequence of an organism's genome at a single time. Sequencing process which uses deoxyribonucleic acid as input and results in a the creation of DNA sequence information artifact	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0002117
Yeast Two Hybrid	Two-hybrid screening is a molecular biology technique used to discover protein-protein interactions by testing for physical interactions (such as binding) between two proteins.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001679
in situ Hybridization	Uses a labelled complementary DNA or RNA strand (i.e., probe) to localize a specific DNA or RNA sequence in a portion or section of tissue (in situ), or the entire tissue (whole mount ISH), in cells and in circulating tumor cells (CTCs).	http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_situ_hybridization
Transcription profiling assay	An assay which aims to provide information about gene expression and transcription activity using ribonucleic acids collected from a material entity using a range of techniques and instrument such as DNA sequencers, DNA microarrays, Northern Blot	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000424
DNA methylation profiling assay	An assay which aims to provide information about state of methylation of DNA molecules using genomic DNA collected from a material entity using a range of techniques and instrument such as DNA sequencers and often relying on treatment with bisulfites to ensure cytosine conversion.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000634
DNA microarray	Microarray that is used as a physical 2D immobilisation matrix.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0400148
Protein microarray	Microarray, usually a piece of glass, on which different molecules of protein have been affixed at separate locations in an ordered manner. These are used to identify protein-protein or protein-small molecule interactions.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0400149
SNP microarray	DNA microarray used to detect polymorphisms in DNA samples.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001204
Transcription profiling by array	An assay in which the transcriptome of a biological sample is analyzed using array technology.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001463
Real time polymerase chain reaction assay	A laboratory technique based on the PCR, which is used to amplify and simultaneously quantify a specific DNA molecule based on the use of complementary probes/primers. It enables both detection and quantification (as absolute number of copies or relative amount when normalized to DNA input or additional normalizing genes) of one or more specific sequences in a DNA sample.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0000893
microRNA profiling assay	A transcription profiling assay in which aims to quantify the microRNA species within a biological sample.	http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/OBI_0001926
