com.google.common.util.concurrent

## Class Futures

- java.lang.Object
- - com.google.common.util.concurrent.Futures

-     @Beta
      @GwtCompatible(emulated=true)
      public final class Futures
      extends java.lang.Object

  Static utility methods pertaining to the `Future` interface.

  Many of these methods use the `ListenableFuture` API; consult the Guava User Guide article on `ListenableFuture`.

  Since:
    1.0

- - ### Method Summary

    Methods
    Modifier and Type | Method and Description
    --- | ---
    `static <V> void` | `addCallback(ListenableFuture<V> future, FutureCallback<? super V> callback)` Registers separate success and failure callbacks to be run when the `Future`'s computation is complete or, if the computation is already complete, immediately.
    `static <V> void` | `addCallback(ListenableFuture<V> future, FutureCallback<? super V> callback, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)` Registers separate success and failure callbacks to be run when the `Future`'s computation is complete or, if the computation is already complete, immediately.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>>` | `allAsList(java.lang.Iterable<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends V>> futures)` Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its input futures, if all succeed.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>>` | `allAsList(ListenableFuture<? extends V>... futures)` Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its input futures, if all succeed.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V>` | `catching(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType, Function<? super X,? extends V> fallback)` Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V>` | `catching(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType, Function<? super X,? extends V> fallback, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)` Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V>` | `catchingAsync(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType, AsyncFunction<? super X,? extends V> fallback)` Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V>` | `catchingAsync(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType, AsyncFunction<? super X,? extends V> fallback, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)` Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `dereference(ListenableFuture<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends V>> nested)` Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is the product of calling `get()` on the `Future` nested within the given `Future`, effectively chaining the futures one after the other.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V` | `get(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass)` Deprecated. Use `getChecked(Future, Class)`. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V` | `get(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future, long timeout, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass)` Deprecated. Use `getChecked(Future, Class, long, TimeUnit)`, noting the change in parameter order. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V` | `getChecked(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass)` Returns the result of `Future.get()`, converting most exceptions to a new instance of the given checked exception type.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V` | `getChecked(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future, java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass, long timeout, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)` Returns the result of `Future.get(long, TimeUnit)`, converting most exceptions to a new instance of the given checked exception type.
    `static <V> V` | `getUnchecked(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future)` Returns the result of calling `Future.get()` uninterruptibly on a task known not to throw a checked exception.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `immediateCancelledFuture()` Creates a `ListenableFuture` which is cancelled immediately upon construction, so that `isCancelled()` always returns `true`.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> CheckedFuture<V,X>` | `immediateCheckedFuture(V value)` Returns a `CheckedFuture` which has its value set immediately upon construction.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> CheckedFuture<V,X>` | `immediateFailedCheckedFuture(X exception)` Returns a `CheckedFuture` which has an exception set immediately upon construction.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `immediateFailedFuture(java.lang.Throwable throwable)` Returns a `ListenableFuture` which has an exception set immediately upon construction.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `immediateFuture(V value)` Creates a `ListenableFuture` which has its value set immediately upon construction.
    `static <T> ImmutableList<ListenableFuture<T>>` | `inCompletionOrder(java.lang.Iterable<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends T>> futures)` Returns a list of delegate futures that correspond to the futures received in the order that they complete.
    `static <I,O> java.util.concurrent.Future<O>` | `lazyTransform(java.util.concurrent.Future<I> input, Function<? super I,? extends O> function)` Like `transform(ListenableFuture, Function)` except that the transformation `function` is invoked on each call to `get()` on the returned future.
    `static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> CheckedFuture<V,X>` | `makeChecked(ListenableFuture<V> future, Function<? super java.lang.Exception,X> mapper)` Creates a `CheckedFuture` out of a normal `ListenableFuture` and a `Function` that maps from `Exception` instances into the appropriate checked type.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `nonCancellationPropagating(ListenableFuture<V> future)` Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is set from the supplied future when it completes.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>>` | `successfulAsList(java.lang.Iterable<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends V>> futures)` Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its successful input futures.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>>` | `successfulAsList(ListenableFuture<? extends V>... futures)` Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its successful input futures.
    `static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O>` | `transform(ListenableFuture<I> input, AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function)` Deprecated. These `AsyncFunction` overloads of `transform` are being renamed to `transformAsync`. (The `Function` overloads are keeping the "transform" name.) This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
    `static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O>` | `transform(ListenableFuture<I> input, AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)` Deprecated. These `AsyncFunction` overloads of `transform` are being renamed to `transformAsync`. (The `Function` overloads are keeping the "transform" name.) This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
    `static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O>` | `transform(ListenableFuture<I> input, Function<? super I,? extends O> function)` Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is the product of applying the given `Function` to the result of the given `Future`.
    `static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O>` | `transform(ListenableFuture<I> input, Function<? super I,? extends O> function, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)` Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is the product of applying the given `Function` to the result of the given `Future`.
    `static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O>` | `transformAsync(ListenableFuture<I> input, AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function)` Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is asynchronously derived from the result of the given `Future`.
    `static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O>` | `transformAsync(ListenableFuture<I> input, AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)` Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is asynchronously derived from the result of the given `Future`.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `withFallback(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input, FutureFallback<? extends V> fallback)` Deprecated. Use `catchingAsync(input, Throwable.class, fallbackImplementedAsAnAsyncFunction)`, usually replacing `Throwable.class` with the specific type you want to handle. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `withFallback(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input, FutureFallback<? extends V> fallback, java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)` Deprecated. Use `catchingAsync(input, Throwable.class, fallbackImplementedAsAnAsyncFunction, executor)`, usually replacing `Throwable.class` with the specific type you want to handle. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
    `static <V> ListenableFuture<V>` | `withTimeout(ListenableFuture<V> delegate, long time, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit, java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor)` Returns a future that delegates to another but will finish early (via a `TimeoutException` wrapped in an `ExecutionException`) if the specified duration expires.

    - ### Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

      `clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait`

- - ### Method Detail

    - #### makeChecked

          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> CheckedFuture<V,X> makeChecked(ListenableFuture<V> future,
                                                                                                               Function<? super java.lang.Exception,X> mapper)

      Creates a `CheckedFuture` out of a normal `ListenableFuture` and a `Function` that maps from `Exception` instances into the appropriate checked type.

      Warning: We recommend against using `CheckedFuture` in new projects. `CheckedFuture` is difficult to build libraries atop. `CheckedFuture` ports of methods like `transformAsync(com.google.common.util.concurrent.ListenableFuture<I>, com.google.common.util.concurrent.AsyncFunction<? super I, ? extends O>)` have historically had bugs, and some of these bugs are necessary, unavoidable consequences of the `CheckedFuture` API. Additionally, `CheckedFuture` encourages users to take exceptions from one thread and rethrow them in another, producing confusing stack traces.

      The given mapping function will be applied to an `InterruptedException`, a `CancellationException`, or an `ExecutionException`. See `Future.get()` for details on the exceptions thrown.

      Since:
        9.0 (source-compatible since 1.0)

    - #### immediateFuture

          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> immediateFuture(@Nullable
                                                                 V value)

      Creates a `ListenableFuture` which has its value set immediately upon construction. The getters just return the value. This `Future` can't be canceled or timed out and its `isDone()` method always returns `true`.

    - #### immediateCheckedFuture

          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> CheckedFuture<V,X> immediateCheckedFuture(@Nullable
                                                                                                                          V value)

      Returns a `CheckedFuture` which has its value set immediately upon construction.

      The returned `Future` can't be cancelled, and its `isDone()` method always returns `true`. Calling `get()` or `checkedGet()` will immediately return the provided value.

    - #### immediateFailedFuture

          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> immediateFailedFuture(java.lang.Throwable throwable)

      Returns a `ListenableFuture` which has an exception set immediately upon construction.

      The returned `Future` can't be cancelled, and its `isDone()` method always returns `true`. Calling `get()` will immediately throw the provided `Throwable` wrapped in an `ExecutionException`.

    - #### immediateCancelledFuture

          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> immediateCancelledFuture()

      Creates a `ListenableFuture` which is cancelled immediately upon construction, so that `isCancelled()` always returns `true`.
      Since:
        14.0

    - #### immediateFailedCheckedFuture

          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> CheckedFuture<V,X> immediateFailedCheckedFuture(X exception)

      Returns a `CheckedFuture` which has an exception set immediately upon construction.

      The returned `Future` can't be cancelled, and its `isDone()` method always returns `true`. Calling `get()` will immediately throw the provided `Exception` wrapped in an `ExecutionException`, and calling `checkedGet()` will throw the provided exception itself.

    - #### withFallback

          @Deprecated
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> withFallback(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input,
                                                                         FutureFallback<? extends V> fallback)

      Deprecated. Use `catchingAsync(input, Throwable.class, fallbackImplementedAsAnAsyncFunction)`, usually replacing `Throwable.class` with the specific type you want to handle. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
      Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails, from the `Future` provided by the `fallback`. `FutureFallback.create(java.lang.Throwable)` is not invoked until the primary input has failed, so if the primary input succeeds, it is never invoked. If, during the invocation of `fallback`, an exception is thrown, this exception is used as the result of the output `Future`.

      Below is an example of a fallback that returns a default value if an exception occurs:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter in case an exception happens when
             // processing the RPC to fetch counters.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.withFallback(
                 fetchCounterFuture, new FutureFallback<Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> create(Throwable t) {
                     // Returning "0" as the default for the counter when the
                     // exception happens.
                     return immediateFuture(0);
                   }
                 });

      The fallback can also choose to propagate the original exception when desired:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter only in case the exception was a
             // TimeoutException.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.withFallback(
                 fetchCounterFuture, new FutureFallback<Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> create(Throwable t) {
                     if (t instanceof TimeoutException) {
                       return immediateFuture(0);
                     }
                     return immediateFailedFuture(t);
                   }
                 });

      This overload, which does not accept an executor, uses `directExecutor`, a dangerous choice in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `FutureFallback.create`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      Parameters:
        `input` - the primary input `Future`
        `fallback` - the `FutureFallback` implementation to be called if `input` fails
      Since:
        14.0

    - #### withFallback

          @Deprecated
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> withFallback(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input,
                                                                         FutureFallback<? extends V> fallback,
                                                                         java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)

      Deprecated. Use `catchingAsync(input, Throwable.class, fallbackImplementedAsAnAsyncFunction, executor)`, usually replacing `Throwable.class` with the specific type you want to handle. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
      Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails, from the `Future` provided by the `fallback`. `FutureFallback.create(java.lang.Throwable)` is not invoked until the primary input has failed, so if the primary input succeeds, it is never invoked. If, during the invocation of `fallback`, an exception is thrown, this exception is used as the result of the output `Future`.

      Below is an example of a fallback that returns a default value if an exception occurs:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter in case an exception happens when
             // processing the RPC to fetch counters.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.withFallback(
                 fetchCounterFuture, new FutureFallback<Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> create(Throwable t) {
                     // Returning "0" as the default for the counter when the
                     // exception happens.
                     return immediateFuture(0);
                   }
                 }, directExecutor());

      The fallback can also choose to propagate the original exception when desired:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter only in case the exception was a
             // TimeoutException.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.withFallback(
                 fetchCounterFuture, new FutureFallback<Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> create(Throwable t) {
                     if (t instanceof TimeoutException) {
                       return immediateFuture(0);
                     }
                     return immediateFailedFuture(t);
                   }
                 }, directExecutor());

      When selecting an executor, note that `directExecutor` is dangerous in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `FutureFallback.create`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      Parameters:
        `input` - the primary input `Future`
        `fallback` - the `FutureFallback` implementation to be called if `input` fails
        `executor` - the executor that runs `fallback` if `input` fails
      Since:
        14.0

    - #### catching

          @GwtIncompatible(value="AVAILABLE but requires exceptionType to be Throwable.class")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V> catching(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input,
                                                                                                             java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType,
                                                                                                             Function<? super X,? extends V> fallback)

      Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`. `Function.apply(F)` is not invoked until the primary input has failed, so if the primary input succeeds, it is never invoked. If, during the invocation of `fallback`, an exception is thrown, this exception is used as the result of the output `Future`.

      Usage example:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter in case an exception happens when
             // processing the RPC to fetch counters.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.catching(
                 fetchCounterFuture, FetchException.class,
                 new Function<FetchException, Integer>() {
                   public Integer apply(FetchException e) {
                     return 0;
                   }
                 });

      This overload, which does not accept an executor, uses `directExecutor`, a dangerous choice in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `Function.apply`.

      Parameters:
        `input` - the primary input `Future`
        `exceptionType` - the exception type that triggers use of `fallback`. To avoid hiding bugs and other unrecoverable errors, callers should prefer more specific types, avoiding `Throwable.class` in particular.
        `fallback` - the `Function` implementation to be called if `input` fails with the expected exception type
      Since:
        19.0

    - #### catching

          @GwtIncompatible(value="AVAILABLE but requires exceptionType to be Throwable.class")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V> catching(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input,
                                                                                                             java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType,
                                                                                                             Function<? super X,? extends V> fallback,
                                                                                                             java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)

      Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`. `Function.apply(F)` is not invoked until the primary input has failed, so if the primary input succeeds, it is never invoked. If, during the invocation of `fallback`, an exception is thrown, this exception is used as the result of the output `Future`.

      Usage example:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter in case an exception happens when
             // processing the RPC to fetch counters.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.catching(
                 fetchCounterFuture, FetchException.class,
                 new Function<FetchException, Integer>() {
                   public Integer apply(FetchException e) {
                     return 0;
                   }
                 }, directExecutor());

      When selecting an executor, note that `directExecutor` is dangerous in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `Function.apply`.

      Parameters:
        `input` - the primary input `Future`
        `exceptionType` - the exception type that triggers use of `fallback`. To avoid hiding bugs and other unrecoverable errors, callers should prefer more specific types, avoiding `Throwable.class` in particular.
        `fallback` - the `Function` implementation to be called if `input` fails with the expected exception type
        `executor` - the executor that runs `fallback` if `input` fails
      Since:
        19.0

    - #### catchingAsync

          @GwtIncompatible(value="AVAILABLE but requires exceptionType to be Throwable.class")
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V> catchingAsync(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input,
                                                                                                 java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType,
                                                                                                 AsyncFunction<? super X,? extends V> fallback)

      Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`. `AsyncFunction.apply(I)` is not invoked until the primary input has failed, so if the primary input succeeds, it is never invoked. If, during the invocation of `fallback`, an exception is thrown, this exception is used as the result of the output `Future`.

      Usage examples:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter in case an exception happens when
             // processing the RPC to fetch counters.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.catchingAsync(
                 fetchCounterFuture, FetchException.class,
                 new AsyncFunction<FetchException, Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> apply(FetchException e) {
                     return immediateFuture(0);
                   }
                 });

      The fallback can also choose to propagate the original exception when desired:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter only in case the exception was a
             // TimeoutException.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.catchingAsync(
                 fetchCounterFuture, FetchException.class,
                 new AsyncFunction<FetchException, Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> apply(FetchException e)
                       throws FetchException {
                     if (omitDataOnFetchFailure) {
                       return immediateFuture(0);
                     }
                     throw e;
                   }
                 });

      This overload, which does not accept an executor, uses `directExecutor`, a dangerous choice in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `AsyncFunction.apply`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      Parameters:
        `input` - the primary input `Future`
        `exceptionType` - the exception type that triggers use of `fallback`. To avoid hiding bugs and other unrecoverable errors, callers should prefer more specific types, avoiding `Throwable.class` in particular.
        `fallback` - the `AsyncFunction` implementation to be called if `input` fails with the expected exception type
      Since:
        19.0 (similar functionality in 14.0 as `withFallback`)

    - #### catchingAsync

          @GwtIncompatible(value="AVAILABLE but requires exceptionType to be Throwable.class")
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Throwable> ListenableFuture<V> catchingAsync(ListenableFuture<? extends V> input,
                                                                                                 java.lang.Class<X> exceptionType,
                                                                                                 AsyncFunction<? super X,? extends V> fallback,
                                                                                                 java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)

      Returns a `Future` whose result is taken from the given primary `input` or, if the primary input fails with the given `exceptionType`, from the result provided by the `fallback`. `AsyncFunction.apply(I)` is not invoked until the primary input has failed, so if the primary input succeeds, it is never invoked. If, during the invocation of `fallback`, an exception is thrown, this exception is used as the result of the output `Future`.

      Usage examples:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter in case an exception happens when
             // processing the RPC to fetch counters.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.catchingAsync(
                 fetchCounterFuture, FetchException.class,
                 new AsyncFunction<FetchException, Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> apply(FetchException e) {
                     return immediateFuture(0);
                   }
                 }, directExecutor());

      The fallback can also choose to propagate the original exception when desired:

             ListenableFuture<Integer> fetchCounterFuture = ...;

             // Falling back to a zero counter only in case the exception was a
             // TimeoutException.
             ListenableFuture<Integer> faultTolerantFuture = Futures.catchingAsync(
                 fetchCounterFuture, FetchException.class,
                 new AsyncFunction<FetchException, Integer>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<Integer> apply(FetchException e)
                       throws FetchException {
                     if (omitDataOnFetchFailure) {
                       return immediateFuture(0);
                     }
                     throw e;
                   }
                 }, directExecutor());

      When selecting an executor, note that `directExecutor` is dangerous in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `AsyncFunction.apply`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      Parameters:
        `input` - the primary input `Future`
        `exceptionType` - the exception type that triggers use of `fallback`. To avoid hiding bugs and other unrecoverable errors, callers should prefer more specific types, avoiding `Throwable.class` in particular.
        `fallback` - the `AsyncFunction` implementation to be called if `input` fails with the expected exception type
        `executor` - the executor that runs `fallback` if `input` fails
      Since:
        19.0 (similar functionality in 14.0 as `withFallback`)

    - #### withTimeout

          @GwtIncompatible(value="java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> withTimeout(ListenableFuture<V> delegate,
                                                                                  long time,
                                                                                  java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit,
                                                                                  java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService scheduledExecutor)

      Returns a future that delegates to another but will finish early (via a `TimeoutException` wrapped in an `ExecutionException`) if the specified duration expires.

      The delegate future is interrupted and cancelled if it times out.

      Parameters:
        `delegate` - The future to delegate to.
        `time` - when to timeout the future
        `unit` - the time unit of the time parameter
        `scheduledExecutor` - The executor service to enforce the timeout.
      Since:
        19.0

    - #### transform

          @Deprecated
          public static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O> transform(ListenableFuture<I> input,
                                                       AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function)

      Deprecated. These `AsyncFunction` overloads of `transform` are being renamed to `transformAsync`. (The `Function` overloads are keeping the "transform" name.) This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
      Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is asynchronously derived from the result of the given `Future`. More precisely, the returned `Future` takes its result from a `Future` produced by applying the given `AsyncFunction` to the result of the original `Future`. Example:

             ListenableFuture<RowKey> rowKeyFuture = indexService.lookUp(query);
             AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult> queryFunction =
                 new AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<QueryResult> apply(RowKey rowKey) {
                     return dataService.read(rowKey);
                   }
                 };
             ListenableFuture<QueryResult> queryFuture =
                 transform(rowKeyFuture, queryFunction);

      This overload, which does not accept an executor, uses `directExecutor`, a dangerous choice in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `AsyncFunction.apply`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      The returned `Future` attempts to keep its cancellation state in sync with that of the input future and that of the future returned by the function. That is, if the returned `Future` is cancelled, it will attempt to cancel the other two, and if either of the other two is cancelled, the returned `Future` will receive a callback in which it will attempt to cancel itself.

      Parameters:
        `input` - The future to transform
        `function` - A function to transform the result of the input future to the result of the output future
      Returns:
        A future that holds result of the function (if the input succeeded) or the original input's failure (if not)
      Since:
        11.0

    - #### transform

          @Deprecated
          public static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O> transform(ListenableFuture<I> input,
                                                       AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function,
                                                       java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)

      Deprecated. These `AsyncFunction` overloads of `transform` are being renamed to `transformAsync`. (The `Function` overloads are keeping the "transform" name.) This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
      Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is asynchronously derived from the result of the given `Future`. More precisely, the returned `Future` takes its result from a `Future` produced by applying the given `AsyncFunction` to the result of the original `Future`. Example:

             ListenableFuture<RowKey> rowKeyFuture = indexService.lookUp(query);
             AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult> queryFunction =
                 new AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<QueryResult> apply(RowKey rowKey) {
                     return dataService.read(rowKey);
                   }
                 };
             ListenableFuture<QueryResult> queryFuture =
                 transform(rowKeyFuture, queryFunction, executor);

      When selecting an executor, note that `directExecutor` is dangerous in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `AsyncFunction.apply`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      The returned `Future` attempts to keep its cancellation state in sync with that of the input future and that of the future returned by the chain function. That is, if the returned `Future` is cancelled, it will attempt to cancel the other two, and if either of the other two is cancelled, the returned `Future` will receive a callback in which it will attempt to cancel itself.

      Parameters:
        `input` - The future to transform
        `function` - A function to transform the result of the input future to the result of the output future
        `executor` - Executor to run the function in.
      Returns:
        A future that holds result of the function (if the input succeeded) or the original input's failure (if not)
      Since:
        11.0

    - #### transformAsync

          public static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O> transformAsync(ListenableFuture<I> input,
                                                 AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function)

      Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is asynchronously derived from the result of the given `Future`. More precisely, the returned `Future` takes its result from a `Future` produced by applying the given `AsyncFunction` to the result of the original `Future`. Example:

             ListenableFuture<RowKey> rowKeyFuture = indexService.lookUp(query);
             AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult> queryFunction =
                 new AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<QueryResult> apply(RowKey rowKey) {
                     return dataService.read(rowKey);
                   }
                 };
             ListenableFuture<QueryResult> queryFuture =
                 transformAsync(rowKeyFuture, queryFunction);

      This overload, which does not accept an executor, uses `directExecutor`, a dangerous choice in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `AsyncFunction.apply`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      The returned `Future` attempts to keep its cancellation state in sync with that of the input future and that of the future returned by the function. That is, if the returned `Future` is cancelled, it will attempt to cancel the other two, and if either of the other two is cancelled, the returned `Future` will receive a callback in which it will attempt to cancel itself.

      Parameters:
        `input` - The future to transform
        `function` - A function to transform the result of the input future to the result of the output future
      Returns:
        A future that holds result of the function (if the input succeeded) or the original input's failure (if not)
      Since:
        19.0 (in 11.0 as `transform`)

    - #### transformAsync

          public static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O> transformAsync(ListenableFuture<I> input,
                                                 AsyncFunction<? super I,? extends O> function,
                                                 java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)

      Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is asynchronously derived from the result of the given `Future`. More precisely, the returned `Future` takes its result from a `Future` produced by applying the given `AsyncFunction` to the result of the original `Future`. Example:

             ListenableFuture<RowKey> rowKeyFuture = indexService.lookUp(query);
             AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult> queryFunction =
                 new AsyncFunction<RowKey, QueryResult>() {
                   public ListenableFuture<QueryResult> apply(RowKey rowKey) {
                     return dataService.read(rowKey);
                   }
                 };
             ListenableFuture<QueryResult> queryFuture =
                 transformAsync(rowKeyFuture, queryFunction, executor);

      When selecting an executor, note that `directExecutor` is dangerous in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `AsyncFunction.apply`, not to any work done to complete the returned `Future`.

      The returned `Future` attempts to keep its cancellation state in sync with that of the input future and that of the future returned by the chain function. That is, if the returned `Future` is cancelled, it will attempt to cancel the other two, and if either of the other two is cancelled, the returned `Future` will receive a callback in which it will attempt to cancel itself.

      Parameters:
        `input` - The future to transform
        `function` - A function to transform the result of the input future to the result of the output future
        `executor` - Executor to run the function in.
      Returns:
        A future that holds result of the function (if the input succeeded) or the original input's failure (if not)
      Since:
        19.0 (in 11.0 as `transform`)

    - #### transform

          public static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O> transform(ListenableFuture<I> input,
                                            Function<? super I,? extends O> function)

      Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is the product of applying the given `Function` to the result of the given `Future`. Example:

             ListenableFuture<QueryResult> queryFuture = ...;
             Function<QueryResult, List<Row>> rowsFunction =
                 new Function<QueryResult, List<Row>>() {
                   public List<Row> apply(QueryResult queryResult) {
                     return queryResult.getRows();
                   }
                 };
             ListenableFuture<List<Row>> rowsFuture =
                 transform(queryFuture, rowsFunction);

      This overload, which does not accept an executor, uses `directExecutor`, a dangerous choice in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `Function.apply`.

      The returned `Future` attempts to keep its cancellation state in sync with that of the input future. That is, if the returned `Future` is cancelled, it will attempt to cancel the input, and if the input is cancelled, the returned `Future` will receive a callback in which it will attempt to cancel itself.

      An example use of this method is to convert a serializable object returned from an RPC into a POJO.

      Parameters:
        `input` - The future to transform
        `function` - A Function to transform the results of the provided future to the results of the returned future. This will be run in the thread that notifies input it is complete.
      Returns:
        A future that holds result of the transformation.
      Since:
        9.0 (in 1.0 as `compose`)

    - #### transform

          public static <I,O> ListenableFuture<O> transform(ListenableFuture<I> input,
                                            Function<? super I,? extends O> function,
                                            java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)

      Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is the product of applying the given `Function` to the result of the given `Future`. Example:

             ListenableFuture<QueryResult> queryFuture = ...;
             Function<QueryResult, List<Row>> rowsFunction =
                 new Function<QueryResult, List<Row>>() {
                   public List<Row> apply(QueryResult queryResult) {
                     return queryResult.getRows();
                   }
                 };
             ListenableFuture<List<Row>> rowsFuture =
                 transform(queryFuture, rowsFunction, executor);

      When selecting an executor, note that `directExecutor` is dangerous in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation. The documentation's warnings about "lightweight listeners" refer here to the work done during `Function.apply`.

      The returned `Future` attempts to keep its cancellation state in sync with that of the input future. That is, if the returned `Future` is cancelled, it will attempt to cancel the input, and if the input is cancelled, the returned `Future` will receive a callback in which it will attempt to cancel itself.

      An example use of this method is to convert a serializable object returned from an RPC into a POJO.

      Parameters:
        `input` - The future to transform
        `function` - A Function to transform the results of the provided future to the results of the returned future.
        `executor` - Executor to run the function in.
      Returns:
        A future that holds result of the transformation.
      Since:
        9.0 (in 2.0 as `compose`)

    - #### lazyTransform

          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <I,O> java.util.concurrent.Future<O> lazyTransform(java.util.concurrent.Future<I> input,
                                                                                                 Function<? super I,? extends O> function)

      Like `transform(ListenableFuture, Function)` except that the transformation `function` is invoked on each call to `get()` on the returned future.

      The returned `Future` reflects the input's cancellation state directly, and any attempt to cancel the returned Future is likewise passed through to the input Future.

      Note that calls to timed get only apply the timeout to the execution of the underlying `Future`, not to the execution of the transformation function.

      The primary audience of this method is callers of `transform` who don't have a `ListenableFuture` available and do not mind repeated, lazy function evaluation.

      Parameters:
        `input` - The future to transform
        `function` - A Function to transform the results of the provided future to the results of the returned future.
      Returns:
        A future that returns the result of the transformation.
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### dereference

          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> dereference(ListenableFuture<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends V>> nested)

      Returns a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is the product of calling `get()` on the `Future` nested within the given `Future`, effectively chaining the futures one after the other. Example:

             SettableFuture<ListenableFuture<String>> nested = SettableFuture.create();
             ListenableFuture<String> dereferenced = dereference(nested);

      This call has the same cancellation and execution semantics as `transform(ListenableFuture, AsyncFunction)`, in that the returned `Future` attempts to keep its cancellation state in sync with both the input `Future` and the nested `Future`. The transformation is very lightweight and therefore takes place in the same thread (either the thread that called `dereference`, or the thread in which the dereferenced future completes).

      Parameters:
        `nested` - The nested future to transform.
      Returns:
        A future that holds result of the inner future.
      Since:
        13.0

    - #### allAsList

          @Beta
          @SafeVarargs
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>> allAsList(ListenableFuture<? extends V>... futures)

      Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its input futures, if all succeed. If any input fails, the returned future fails immediately.

      The list of results is in the same order as the input list.

      Canceling this future will attempt to cancel all the component futures, and if any of the provided futures fails or is canceled, this one is, too.

      Parameters:
        `futures` - futures to combine
      Returns:
        a future that provides a list of the results of the component futures
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### allAsList

          @Beta
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>> allAsList(java.lang.Iterable<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends V>> futures)

      Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its input futures, if all succeed. If any input fails, the returned future fails immediately.

      The list of results is in the same order as the input list.

      Canceling this future will attempt to cancel all the component futures, and if any of the provided futures fails or is canceled, this one is, too.

      Parameters:
        `futures` - futures to combine
      Returns:
        a future that provides a list of the results of the component futures
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### nonCancellationPropagating

          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<V> nonCancellationPropagating(ListenableFuture<V> future)

      Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose result is set from the supplied future when it completes. Cancelling the supplied future will also cancel the returned future, but cancelling the returned future will have no effect on the supplied future.
      Since:
        15.0

    - #### successfulAsList

          @Beta
          @SafeVarargs
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>> successfulAsList(ListenableFuture<? extends V>... futures)

      Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its successful input futures. The list of results is in the same order as the input list, and if any of the provided futures fails or is canceled, its corresponding position will contain `null` (which is indistinguishable from the future having a successful value of `null`).

      Canceling this future will attempt to cancel all the component futures.

      Parameters:
        `futures` - futures to combine
      Returns:
        a future that provides a list of the results of the component futures
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### successfulAsList

          @Beta
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <V> ListenableFuture<java.util.List<V>> successfulAsList(java.lang.Iterable<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends V>> futures)

      Creates a new `ListenableFuture` whose value is a list containing the values of all its successful input futures. The list of results is in the same order as the input list, and if any of the provided futures fails or is canceled, its corresponding position will contain `null` (which is indistinguishable from the future having a successful value of `null`).

      Canceling this future will attempt to cancel all the component futures.

      Parameters:
        `futures` - futures to combine
      Returns:
        a future that provides a list of the results of the component futures
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### inCompletionOrder

          @Beta
          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          @CheckReturnValue
          public static <T> ImmutableList<ListenableFuture<T>> inCompletionOrder(java.lang.Iterable<? extends ListenableFuture<? extends T>> futures)

      Returns a list of delegate futures that correspond to the futures received in the order that they complete. Delegate futures return the same value or throw the same exception as the corresponding input future returns/throws.

      Cancelling a delegate future has no effect on any input future, since the delegate future does not correspond to a specific input future until the appropriate number of input futures have completed. At that point, it is too late to cancel the input future. The input future's result, which cannot be stored into the cancelled delegate future, is ignored.

      Since:
        17.0

    - #### addCallback

          public static <V> void addCallback(ListenableFuture<V> future,
                             FutureCallback<? super V> callback)

      Registers separate success and failure callbacks to be run when the `Future`'s computation is complete or, if the computation is already complete, immediately.

      There is no guaranteed ordering of execution of callbacks, but any callback added through this method is guaranteed to be called once the computation is complete. Example:

           ListenableFuture<QueryResult> future = ...;
           addCallback(future,
               new FutureCallback<QueryResult> {
                 public void onSuccess(QueryResult result) {
                   storeInCache(result);
                 }
                 public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
                   reportError(t);
                 }
               });

      This overload, which does not accept an executor, uses `directExecutor`, a dangerous choice in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation.

      For a more general interface to attach a completion listener to a `Future`, see `addListener`.

      Parameters:
        `future` - The future attach the callback to.
        `callback` - The callback to invoke when `future` is completed.
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### addCallback

          public static <V> void addCallback(ListenableFuture<V> future,
                             FutureCallback<? super V> callback,
                             java.util.concurrent.Executor executor)

      Registers separate success and failure callbacks to be run when the `Future`'s computation is complete or, if the computation is already complete, immediately.

      The callback is run in `executor`. There is no guaranteed ordering of execution of callbacks, but any callback added through this method is guaranteed to be called once the computation is complete. Example:

           ListenableFuture<QueryResult> future = ...;
           Executor e = ...
           addCallback(future,
               new FutureCallback<QueryResult> {
                 public void onSuccess(QueryResult result) {
                   storeInCache(result);
                 }
                 public void onFailure(Throwable t) {
                   reportError(t);
                 }
               }, e);

      When selecting an executor, note that `directExecutor` is dangerous in some cases. See the discussion in the `ListenableFuture.addListener` documentation.

      For a more general interface to attach a completion listener to a `Future`, see `addListener`.

      Parameters:
        `future` - The future attach the callback to.
        `callback` - The callback to invoke when `future` is completed.
        `executor` - The executor to run `callback` when the future completes.
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### get

          @Deprecated
          @GwtIncompatible(value="reflection")
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V get(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future,
                                                                                java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass)
                       throws X extends java.lang.Exception

      Deprecated. Use `getChecked(Future, Class)`. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
      Returns the result of `Future.get()`, converting most exceptions to a new instance of the given checked exception type. This reduces boilerplate for a common use of `Future` in which it is unnecessary to programmatically distinguish between exception types or to extract other information from the exception instance.

      Exceptions from `Future.get` are treated as follows:

      - Any `ExecutionException` has its cause wrapped in an `X` if the cause is a checked exception, an `UncheckedExecutionException` if the cause is a `RuntimeException`, or an `ExecutionError` if the cause is an `Error`.
      - Any `InterruptedException` is wrapped in an `X` (after restoring the interrupt).
      - Any `CancellationException` is propagated untouched, as is any other `RuntimeException` (though `get` implementations are discouraged from throwing such exceptions).

      The overall principle is to continue to treat every checked exception as a checked exception, every unchecked exception as an unchecked exception, and every error as an error. In addition, the cause of any `ExecutionException` is wrapped in order to ensure that the new stack trace matches that of the current thread.

      Instances of `exceptionClass` are created by choosing an arbitrary public constructor that accepts zero or more arguments, all of type `String` or `Throwable` (preferring constructors with at least one `String`) and calling the constructor via reflection. If the exception did not already have a cause, one is set by calling `Throwable.initCause(Throwable)` on it. If no such constructor exists, an `IllegalArgumentException` is thrown.

      Throws:
        `X` - if `get` throws any checked exception except for an `ExecutionException` whose cause is not itself a checked exception
        `UncheckedExecutionException` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with a `RuntimeException` as its cause
        `ExecutionError` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with an `Error` as its cause
        `java.util.concurrent.CancellationException` - if `get` throws a `CancellationException`
        `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if `exceptionClass` extends `RuntimeException` or does not have a suitable constructor
        `X extends java.lang.Exception`
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### get

          @Deprecated
          @GwtIncompatible(value="reflection")
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V get(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future,
                                                                                long timeout,
                                                                                java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit,
                                                                                java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass)
                       throws X extends java.lang.Exception

      Deprecated. Use `getChecked(Future, Class, long, TimeUnit)`, noting the change in parameter order. This method will be removed in Guava release 20.0.
      Returns the result of `Future.get(long, TimeUnit)`, converting most exceptions to a new instance of the given checked exception type. This reduces boilerplate for a common use of `Future` in which it is unnecessary to programmatically distinguish between exception types or to extract other information from the exception instance.

      Exceptions from `Future.get` are treated as follows:

      - Any `ExecutionException` has its cause wrapped in an `X` if the cause is a checked exception, an `UncheckedExecutionException` if the cause is a `RuntimeException`, or an `ExecutionError` if the cause is an `Error`.
      - Any `InterruptedException` is wrapped in an `X` (after restoring the interrupt).
      - Any `TimeoutException` is wrapped in an `X`.
      - Any `CancellationException` is propagated untouched, as is any other `RuntimeException` (though `get` implementations are discouraged from throwing such exceptions).

      The overall principle is to continue to treat every checked exception as a checked exception, every unchecked exception as an unchecked exception, and every error as an error. In addition, the cause of any `ExecutionException` is wrapped in order to ensure that the new stack trace matches that of the current thread.

      Instances of `exceptionClass` are created by choosing an arbitrary public constructor that accepts zero or more arguments, all of type `String` or `Throwable` (preferring constructors with at least one `String`) and calling the constructor via reflection. If the exception did not already have a cause, one is set by calling `Throwable.initCause(Throwable)` on it. If no such constructor exists, an `IllegalArgumentException` is thrown.

      Throws:
        `X` - if `get` throws any checked exception except for an `ExecutionException` whose cause is not itself a checked exception
        `UncheckedExecutionException` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with a `RuntimeException` as its cause
        `ExecutionError` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with an `Error` as its cause
        `java.util.concurrent.CancellationException` - if `get` throws a `CancellationException`
        `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if `exceptionClass` extends `RuntimeException` or does not have a suitable constructor
        `X extends java.lang.Exception`
      Since:
        10.0

    - #### getChecked

          @GwtIncompatible(value="reflection")
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V getChecked(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future,
                                                                            java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass)
                              throws X extends java.lang.Exception

      Returns the result of `Future.get()`, converting most exceptions to a new instance of the given checked exception type. This reduces boilerplate for a common use of `Future` in which it is unnecessary to programmatically distinguish between exception types or to extract other information from the exception instance.

      Exceptions from `Future.get` are treated as follows:

      - Any `ExecutionException` has its cause wrapped in an `X` if the cause is a checked exception, an `UncheckedExecutionException` if the cause is a `RuntimeException`, or an `ExecutionError` if the cause is an `Error`.
      - Any `InterruptedException` is wrapped in an `X` (after restoring the interrupt).
      - Any `CancellationException` is propagated untouched, as is any other `RuntimeException` (though `get` implementations are discouraged from throwing such exceptions).

      The overall principle is to continue to treat every checked exception as a checked exception, every unchecked exception as an unchecked exception, and every error as an error. In addition, the cause of any `ExecutionException` is wrapped in order to ensure that the new stack trace matches that of the current thread.

      Instances of `exceptionClass` are created by choosing an arbitrary public constructor that accepts zero or more arguments, all of type `String` or `Throwable` (preferring constructors with at least one `String`) and calling the constructor via reflection. If the exception did not already have a cause, one is set by calling `Throwable.initCause(Throwable)` on it. If no such constructor exists, an `IllegalArgumentException` is thrown.

      Throws:
        `X` - if `get` throws any checked exception except for an `ExecutionException` whose cause is not itself a checked exception
        `UncheckedExecutionException` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with a `RuntimeException` as its cause
        `ExecutionError` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with an `Error` as its cause
        `java.util.concurrent.CancellationException` - if `get` throws a `CancellationException`
        `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if `exceptionClass` extends `RuntimeException` or does not have a suitable constructor
        `X extends java.lang.Exception`
      Since:
        19.0 (in 10.0 as `get`)

    - #### getChecked

          @GwtIncompatible(value="reflection")
          public static <V,X extends java.lang.Exception> V getChecked(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future,
                                                                            java.lang.Class<X> exceptionClass,
                                                                            long timeout,
                                                                            java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit unit)
                              throws X extends java.lang.Exception

      Returns the result of `Future.get(long, TimeUnit)`, converting most exceptions to a new instance of the given checked exception type. This reduces boilerplate for a common use of `Future` in which it is unnecessary to programmatically distinguish between exception types or to extract other information from the exception instance.

      Exceptions from `Future.get` are treated as follows:

      - Any `ExecutionException` has its cause wrapped in an `X` if the cause is a checked exception, an `UncheckedExecutionException` if the cause is a `RuntimeException`, or an `ExecutionError` if the cause is an `Error`.
      - Any `InterruptedException` is wrapped in an `X` (after restoring the interrupt).
      - Any `TimeoutException` is wrapped in an `X`.
      - Any `CancellationException` is propagated untouched, as is any other `RuntimeException` (though `get` implementations are discouraged from throwing such exceptions).

      The overall principle is to continue to treat every checked exception as a checked exception, every unchecked exception as an unchecked exception, and every error as an error. In addition, the cause of any `ExecutionException` is wrapped in order to ensure that the new stack trace matches that of the current thread.

      Instances of `exceptionClass` are created by choosing an arbitrary public constructor that accepts zero or more arguments, all of type `String` or `Throwable` (preferring constructors with at least one `String`) and calling the constructor via reflection. If the exception did not already have a cause, one is set by calling `Throwable.initCause(Throwable)` on it. If no such constructor exists, an `IllegalArgumentException` is thrown.

      Throws:
        `X` - if `get` throws any checked exception except for an `ExecutionException` whose cause is not itself a checked exception
        `UncheckedExecutionException` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with a `RuntimeException` as its cause
        `ExecutionError` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with an `Error` as its cause
        `java.util.concurrent.CancellationException` - if `get` throws a `CancellationException`
        `java.lang.IllegalArgumentException` - if `exceptionClass` extends `RuntimeException` or does not have a suitable constructor
        `X extends java.lang.Exception`
      Since:
        19.0 (in 10.0 as `get` and with different parameter order)

    - #### getUnchecked

          @GwtIncompatible(value="TODO")
          public static <V> V getUnchecked(java.util.concurrent.Future<V> future)

      Returns the result of calling `Future.get()` uninterruptibly on a task known not to throw a checked exception. This makes `Future` more suitable for lightweight, fast-running tasks that, barring bugs in the code, will not fail. This gives it exception-handling behavior similar to that of `ForkJoinTask.join`.

      Exceptions from `Future.get` are treated as follows:

      - Any `ExecutionException` has its cause wrapped in an `UncheckedExecutionException` (if the cause is an `Exception`) or `ExecutionError` (if the cause is an `Error`).
      - Any `InterruptedException` causes a retry of the `get` call. The interrupt is restored before `getUnchecked` returns.
      - Any `CancellationException` is propagated untouched. So is any other `RuntimeException` (`get` implementations are discouraged from throwing such exceptions).

      The overall principle is to eliminate all checked exceptions: to loop to avoid `InterruptedException`, to pass through `CancellationException`, and to wrap any exception from the underlying computation in an `UncheckedExecutionException` or `ExecutionError`.

      For an uninterruptible `get` that preserves other exceptions, see `Uninterruptibles.getUninterruptibly(Future)`.

      Throws:
        `UncheckedExecutionException` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with an `Exception` as its cause
        `ExecutionError` - if `get` throws an `ExecutionException` with an `Error` as its cause
        `java.util.concurrent.CancellationException` - if `get` throws a `CancellationException`
      Since:
        10.0