"""This is a python implementation of clip()."""
from __future__ import annotations

# std imports
import enum
from itertools import islice

from typing import Literal, Callable, Optional, NamedTuple

# local
from ._width import width
from .grapheme import iter_graphemes
from .hyperlink import Hyperlink, HyperlinkParams
from .sgr_state import (_SGR_STATE_DEFAULT,
                        _SGRState,
                        _sgr_state_update,
                        _sgr_state_is_active,
                        _sgr_state_to_sequence)
from .text_sizing import TextSizing, TextSizingParams
from .escape_sequences import (_SEQUENCE_CLASSIFY,
                               _HORIZONTAL_CURSOR_MOVEMENT,
                               INDETERMINATE_EFFECT_SEQUENCE)


class _HyperlinkAction(enum.Enum):
    """Outcome of processing an OSC 8 hyperlink unit."""

    NO_CLOSE = enum.auto()   # open sequence without matching close
    EMPTY = enum.auto()       # hyperlink with no visible inner text
    OUTSIDE = enum.auto()     # hyperlink entirely outside the clip window
    VISIBLE = enum.auto()     # hyperlink overlaps the clip window


class _HyperlinkResult(NamedTuple):
    """
    Result of processing an OSC 8 hyperlink.

    Only the fields relevant to each action are populated.
    """

    action: _HyperlinkAction
    close_end: int = 0
    inner_width: int = 0
    open_seq: str = ''
    clipped_inner: str = ''
    close_seq: str = ''
    clipped_width: int = 0
    hl_col_end: int = 0


def _apply_sgr_wrap(result: str, captured_style: Optional[_SGRState]) -> str:
    """
    Apply SGR prefix/suffix around *result*.

    If an SGR state was captured at the first visible character, prefix the result with the
    corresponding SGR sequence and suffix with a reset if any styles are active.
    """
    if captured_style is not None:
        if prefix := _sgr_state_to_sequence(captured_style):
            result = prefix + result
        if _sgr_state_is_active(captured_style):
            result += '\x1b[0m'
    return result


def _process_hyperlink(
    text: str,
    start: int,
    end: int,
    fillchar: str,
    tabsize: int,
    ambiguous_width: int,
    control_codes: Literal['parse', 'strict', 'ignore'],
    *,
    params: HyperlinkParams,
    match_end: int,
    col: int,
) -> _HyperlinkResult:
    """
    Process an OSC 8 hyperlink unit.

    Finds the matching close sequence, measures the inner text width, and determines whether the
    hyperlink is empty, outside the clip window, or visible (requiring inner-text clipping).
    """
    # pylint: disable=too-many-locals,too-many-positional-arguments
    close_start, close_end = Hyperlink.find_close(text, match_end)
    if (close_start, close_end) == (-1, -1):
        return _HyperlinkResult(_HyperlinkAction.NO_CLOSE)
    inner_text = text[match_end:close_start]
    inner_width = width(
        inner_text, control_codes=control_codes,
        tabsize=tabsize, ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width,
    )

    if inner_width == 0:
        return _HyperlinkResult(_HyperlinkAction.EMPTY, close_end=close_end)

    hl_col_end = col + inner_width

    if hl_col_end <= start or col >= end:
        return _HyperlinkResult(_HyperlinkAction.OUTSIDE, close_end=close_end,
                                inner_width=inner_width)

    inner_clip_start = max(0, start - col)
    inner_clip_end = end - col

    clipped_inner = clip(
        inner_text, inner_clip_start, inner_clip_end,
        fillchar=fillchar, tabsize=tabsize,
        ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width,
        propagate_sgr=False,
        control_codes=control_codes,
    )

    clipped_width = width(
        clipped_inner, control_codes=control_codes,
        tabsize=tabsize, ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width,
    )

    return _HyperlinkResult(
        _HyperlinkAction.VISIBLE,
        close_end=close_end,
        inner_width=inner_width,
        open_seq=params.make_open(),
        clipped_inner=clipped_inner,
        close_seq=params.make_close(),
        clipped_width=clipped_width,
        hl_col_end=hl_col_end,
    )


def _reconstruct_painter(
    cells: dict[int, tuple[str, int]],
    sequences: list[tuple[int, int, str]],
    start: int,
    end: int,
    fillchar: str,
) -> str:
    """
    Reconstruct the output string from painter's algorithm state.

    Walks columns left-to-right, interleaving escape sequences and cell content, filling gaps with
    *fillchar*.
    """
    # pylint: disable=too-many-locals
    # Group and sort sequences by column, preserving insertion order within each.
    seqs_by_col: dict[int, list[tuple[int, str]]] = {}
    for col_pos, order, seq_text in sequences:
        seqs_by_col.setdefault(col_pos, []).append((order, seq_text))
    for entries in seqs_by_col.values():
        entries.sort()

    max_cell_col = max(cells.keys()) if cells else -1
    max_seq_col = max(seqs_by_col.keys()) if seqs_by_col else -1
    max_col = max(max_cell_col, max_seq_col)

    parts: list[str] = []
    walk_col = 0
    col_limit = min(max_col, end)
    while walk_col <= col_limit:
        # Emit any sequences anchored at this column.
        for _, seq_text in seqs_by_col.get(walk_col, ()):
            parts.append(seq_text)

        if walk_col >= end:
            walk_col += 1
            continue

        if walk_col in cells:
            cell_text, cell_w = cells[walk_col]
            parts.append(cell_text)
            walk_col += cell_w
        else:
            if start <= walk_col <= max_cell_col:
                parts.append(fillchar)
            walk_col += 1

    # Emit sequences anchored beyond the visible region.
    for c in sorted(seqs_by_col.keys()):
        if c > col_limit:
            for _, seq_text in seqs_by_col[c]:
                parts.append(seq_text)

    return ''.join(parts)


def _clip_simple(
    text: str,
    start: int,
    end: int,
    *,
    propagate_sgr: bool,
    ambiguous_width: int,
    fillchar: str,
    tabsize: int,
    strict: bool,
    control_codes: Literal['parse', 'strict', 'ignore'],
) -> tuple[str, Optional[_SGRState]]:
    """
    Clip text without cursor movement (simple append-to-output path).

    Returns ``(result, captured_style)``.  The caller applies SGR wrapping.
    """
    # pylint: disable=too-complex,too-many-locals,too-many-branches,too-many-statements
    # pylint: disable=too-many-nested-blocks
    # code length and complexity traded for performance, to allow this to be used as a "hot path"

    output: list[str] = []
    col = 0
    idx = 0
    # captured_style is a frozen snapshot of current_style taken at the first
    # visible character emitted within the clip window (start, end).  It stays
    # None until that point.  current_style, by contrast, is continuously
    # updated by SGR sequences throughout the scan.  The snapshot is what the
    # caller uses to wrap the result in the correct SGR state.
    #
    # When propagate_sgr is False, current_style (and therefore captured_style)
    # remain None, and SGR sequences pass through as literal text.
    captured_style: Optional[_SGRState] = None
    current_style = _SGR_STATE_DEFAULT if propagate_sgr else None

    while idx < len(text):
        char = text[idx]

        # Early exit: past visible region.
        if col >= end and char not in '\r\x08\t\x1b':
            if captured_style is not None:
                break
            # propagate_sgr is always False here: with propagate_sgr=True,
            # captured_style is set on the first visible emission in the
            # clip window and we would have broken above.  The skip-ahead
            # optimization is only needed (and safe) when SGR tracking is off.
            next_esc = text.find('\x1b', idx + 1)
            if next_esc == -1:
                break
            idx = next_esc
            continue

        if char == '\x1b':
            m = _SEQUENCE_CLASSIFY.match(text, idx)
            if not m:
                output.append(char)
                idx += 1
                continue

            # SGR: update current_style, do not emit.
            if m.group('sgr_params') is not None and propagate_sgr and current_style is not None:
                current_style = _sgr_state_update(current_style, m.group())
                idx = m.end()
                continue

            # OSC 8 hyperlink.
            if hl_state := HyperlinkParams.parse(m.group()):
                r = _process_hyperlink(
                    text, start, end, fillchar, tabsize, ambiguous_width,
                    control_codes,
                    params=hl_state, match_end=m.end(), col=col,
                )
                if r.action is _HyperlinkAction.NO_CLOSE:
                    output.append(m.group())
                    idx = m.end()
                elif r.action is _HyperlinkAction.EMPTY:
                    idx = r.close_end
                elif r.action is _HyperlinkAction.OUTSIDE:
                    col += r.inner_width
                    idx = r.close_end
                else:
                    output.append(r.open_seq)
                    output.append(r.clipped_inner)
                    output.append(r.close_seq)
                    if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                        captured_style = current_style
                    col += r.inner_width
                    idx = r.close_end
                continue

            # OSC 66 Text Sizing.
            if (ts_meta := m.group('ts_meta')) is not None:
                ts_text = m.group('ts_text')
                ts_term = m.group('ts_term')
                assert ts_text is not None and ts_term is not None
                ts = TextSizing(
                    TextSizingParams.from_params(ts_meta, control_codes=control_codes),
                    ts_text, ts_term)
                ts_width = ts.display_width(ambiguous_width)

                if col >= start and col + ts_width <= end:
                    output.append(ts.make_sequence())
                    if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                        captured_style = current_style
                    col += ts_width
                elif col < end and col + ts_width > start:
                    ts_parts: list[str] = []

                    def _ts_write(s: str, _w: int, _col: int) -> None:
                        ts_parts.append(s)
                    col = _text_sizing_clip(
                        ts, col, start, end, fillchar, ambiguous_width,
                        _ts_write)
                    output.extend(ts_parts)
                    if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                        captured_style = current_style
                else:
                    col += ts_width
                idx = m.end()
                continue

            # Indeterminate-effect sequences: raise in strict mode.
            seq = m.group()
            if strict and INDETERMINATE_EFFECT_SEQUENCE.match(seq):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Indeterminate cursor sequence at position {idx}, "
                    f"{seq!r}"
                )

            # Any other recognized sequence: preserve as-is.
            output.append(seq)
            idx = m.end()
            continue

        if char == '\t':
            # Expand tab, filling clip window with spaces.
            if tabsize > 0:
                next_tab = col + (tabsize - (col % tabsize))
                while col < next_tab:
                    if start <= col < end:
                        output.append(' ')
                        if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                            captured_style = current_style
                    col += 1
            else:
                output.append('\t')
            idx += 1
            continue

        grapheme = next(iter_graphemes(text, start=idx))
        grapheme_w = width(grapheme, ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width)

        # Emit grapheme or fillchar depending on visibility within clip window.
        if grapheme_w == 0:
            if start <= col < end:
                output.append(grapheme)
        elif col >= start and col + grapheme_w <= end:
            output.append(grapheme)
            if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                captured_style = current_style
        elif col < end and col + grapheme_w > start:
            output.append(fillchar * (min(end, col + grapheme_w) - max(start, col)))
            if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                captured_style = current_style

        col += grapheme_w
        idx += len(grapheme)

    return ''.join(output), captured_style


def _text_sizing_clip(
    ts: TextSizing,
    col: int,
    start: int,
    end: int,
    fillchar: str,
    ambiguous_width: int,
    write_cells: Callable[[str, int, int], None],
) -> int:
    """
    Emit tokens for a text-sizing (OSC 66) sequence, clipped to (start, end).

    Calls *write_cells(text, width, col)* for each emitted cell or sequence. Returns new column
    position.
    """
    # pylint: disable=too-many-locals,too-many-branches,too-many-positional-arguments,too-complex
    ts_width = ts.display_width(ambiguous_width)

    # Fully visible: emit entire sequence
    if col >= start and col + ts_width <= end:
        write_cells(ts.make_sequence(), ts_width, col)
        return col + ts_width
    # Fully outside: just advance column
    if col >= end or col + ts_width <= start:
        return col + ts_width

    # Partial overlap: decompose
    rel_start = max(0, start - col)
    rel_end = min(end, col + ts_width) - col
    scale = ts.params.scale

    units: list[tuple[str, int]] = []
    if ts.params.width > 0:
        for g in islice(iter_graphemes(ts.text), ts.params.width):
            units.append((g, scale))
        for _ in range(ts.params.width - len(units)):
            units.append(('', scale))
    else:
        for g in iter_graphemes(ts.text):
            units.append((g, width(g, ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width) * scale))

    pending_units: list[tuple[str, int]] = []

    def flush(flush_col: int) -> None:
        if not pending_units:
            return
        texts = [u[0] for u in pending_units]
        total_w = sum(u[1] for u in pending_units)
        params = TextSizingParams(
            scale,
            len(texts) if ts.params.width > 0 else 0,
            ts.params.numerator, ts.params.denominator,
            ts.params.vertical_align, ts.params.horizontal_align)
        write_cells(
            TextSizing(params, ''.join(texts), ts.terminator).make_sequence(),
            total_w,
            flush_col)
        pending_units.clear()

    flush_col_pos = col + rel_start
    unit_pos = 0
    for unit_text, unit_w in units:
        unit_end = unit_pos + unit_w
        if unit_end <= rel_start:
            unit_pos = unit_end
            continue
        if unit_pos >= rel_end:
            break

        overlap = min(unit_end, rel_end) - max(unit_pos, rel_start)
        if overlap == unit_w and unit_w > 0:
            if not pending_units:
                flush_col_pos = col + max(unit_pos, rel_start)
            pending_units.append((unit_text, unit_w))
        else:
            flush(flush_col_pos)
            abs_start = col + max(unit_pos, rel_start)
            for i in range(overlap):
                write_cells(fillchar, 1, abs_start + i)
        unit_pos = unit_end

    flush(flush_col_pos)
    return col + ts_width


def _clip_painter(
    text: str,
    start: int,
    end: int,
    *,
    propagate_sgr: bool,
    ambiguous_width: int,
    fillchar: str,
    tabsize: int,
    strict: bool,
    control_codes: Literal['parse', 'strict', 'ignore'],
) -> tuple[str, Optional[_SGRState]]:
    """
    Clip text with cursor movement (painter's algorithm path).

    Returns ``(result, captured_style)``.  The caller applies SGR wrapping.
    """
    # pylint: disable=too-complex,too-many-locals,too-many-branches
    # pylint: disable=too-many-statements,too-many-nested-blocks
    # code length and complexity traded for performance, to allow this to be used as a "hot path"

    cells: dict[int, tuple[str, int]] = {}
    hyperlink_cells: set[int] = set()
    sequences: list[tuple[int, int, str]] = []
    seq_order = 0

    col = 0
    idx = 0
    # captured_style is a frozen snapshot of current_style taken at the first
    # visible character emitted within the clip window (start, end).  It stays
    # None until that point.  current_style, by contrast, is continuously
    # updated by SGR sequences throughout the scan.
    #
    # When propagate_sgr is False, current_style (and therefore captured_style)
    # remain None, and SGR sequences pass through as literal text.
    captured_style: Optional[_SGRState] = None
    current_style = _SGR_STATE_DEFAULT if propagate_sgr else None

    def _write_cells(s: str, w: int, write_col: int,
                     is_hyperlink: bool = False) -> None:
        """Write *w* cells of text *s* at *write_col*, handling wide-char splitting."""
        nonlocal captured_style
        for offset in range(w):
            src_col = write_col + offset
            if src_col > 0 and cells.get(src_col - 1, ('', 0))[1] == 2:
                cells[src_col - 1] = (fillchar, 1)
                hyperlink_cells.discard(src_col - 1)
            if cells.get(src_col, ('', 0))[1] == 2:
                cells[src_col + 1] = (fillchar, 1)
                hyperlink_cells.discard(src_col + 1)
            cells.pop(src_col, None)
            hyperlink_cells.discard(src_col)
        cells[write_col] = (s, w)
        if is_hyperlink:
            for offset in range(w):
                hyperlink_cells.add(write_col + offset)
        if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
            captured_style = current_style

    while idx < len(text):
        char = text[idx]

        # Early exit: past visible region, SGR captured, no escape ahead.
        if col >= end and captured_style is not None and char != '\x1b':
            break

        if char == '\x1b':
            m = _SEQUENCE_CLASSIFY.match(text, idx)
            if not m:
                # Record lone ESC as a zero-width sequence at current column.
                sequences.append((col, seq_order, char))
                seq_order += 1
                if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                    captured_style = current_style
                idx += 1
                continue

            # SGR: update current_style, do not emit.
            if m.group('sgr_params') is not None and propagate_sgr and current_style is not None:
                current_style = _sgr_state_update(current_style, m.group())
                idx = m.end()
                continue

            # OSC 8 hyperlink.
            if hl_state := HyperlinkParams.parse(m.group()):
                r = _process_hyperlink(
                    text, start, end, fillchar, tabsize, ambiguous_width,
                    control_codes,
                    params=hl_state, match_end=m.end(), col=col,
                )
                if r.action is _HyperlinkAction.NO_CLOSE:
                    sequences.append((col, seq_order, m.group()))
                    seq_order += 1
                    if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                        captured_style = current_style
                    idx = m.end()
                elif r.action is _HyperlinkAction.EMPTY:
                    idx = r.close_end
                elif r.action is _HyperlinkAction.OUTSIDE:
                    col += r.inner_width
                    idx = r.close_end
                else:
                    sequences.append((col, seq_order, r.open_seq))
                    seq_order += 1
                    if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                        captured_style = current_style
                    _write_cells(r.clipped_inner, r.clipped_width, col,
                                 is_hyperlink=True)
                    col += r.clipped_width
                    sequences.append((col, seq_order, r.close_seq))
                    seq_order += 1
                    col = r.hl_col_end
                    idx = r.close_end
                continue

            # OSC 66 Text Sizing.
            if (ts_meta := m.group('ts_meta')) is not None:
                ts_text = m.group('ts_text')
                ts_term = m.group('ts_term')
                assert ts_text is not None and ts_term is not None
                ts = TextSizing(
                    TextSizingParams.from_params(ts_meta, control_codes=control_codes),
                    ts_text, ts_term)
                col = _text_sizing_clip(
                    ts, col, start, end, fillchar, ambiguous_width,
                    _write_cells)
                if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                    captured_style = current_style
                idx = m.end()
                continue

            # Indeterminate-effect sequences: raise in strict mode.
            seq = m.group()
            if strict and INDETERMINATE_EFFECT_SEQUENCE.match(seq):
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Indeterminate cursor sequence at position {idx}, "
                    f"{seq!r}"
                )

            # Horizontal Position Absolute (CSI n G).
            if (hpa_n := m.group('hpa_n')) is not None:
                col = int(hpa_n) - 1 if hpa_n else 0
                idx = m.end()
                continue

            # Cursor Forward (CSI n C).
            if (cforward_n := m.group('cforward_n')) is not None:
                n_forward = int(cforward_n) if cforward_n else 1
                move_end = col + n_forward
                if col < end and move_end > start:
                    for i in range(max(col, start), min(move_end, end)):
                        _write_cells(fillchar, 1, i)
                col = move_end
                idx = m.end()
                continue

            # Cursor Backward (CSI n D).
            if (cbackward_n := m.group('cbackward_n')) is not None:
                n_backward = int(cbackward_n) if cbackward_n else 1
                if strict and n_backward > col:
                    raise ValueError(
                        f"Cursor left movement at position {idx} would move "
                        f"{n_backward} cells left from column {col}, "
                        f"exceeding string start"
                    )
                col = max(0, col - n_backward)
                idx = m.end()
                continue

            # Any other recognized sequence: preserve as-is.
            sequences.append((col, seq_order, m.group()))
            seq_order += 1
            if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                captured_style = current_style
            idx = m.end()
            continue

        # Carriage return.
        if char == '\r':
            col = 0
            idx += 1
            continue

        # Backspace.
        if char == '\x08':
            if col > 0:
                col -= 1
            idx += 1
            continue

        # Tab expansion.
        if char == '\t':
            if tabsize > 0:
                next_tab = col + (tabsize - (col % tabsize))
                while col < next_tab:
                    if start <= col < end:
                        _write_cells(fillchar, 1, col)
                    col += 1
            else:
                sequences.append((col, seq_order, '\t'))
                seq_order += 1
                if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                    captured_style = current_style
            idx += 1
            continue

        # Grapheme cluster.
        grapheme = next(iter_graphemes(text, start=idx))
        grapheme_w = width(grapheme, ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width)

        # Emit grapheme or fillchar depending on visibility within clip window.
        if grapheme_w == 0:
            if start <= col < end:
                sequences.append((col, seq_order, grapheme))
                seq_order += 1
                if propagate_sgr and captured_style is None:
                    captured_style = current_style
        elif col >= start and col + grapheme_w <= end:
            _write_cells(grapheme, grapheme_w, col)
        elif col < end and col + grapheme_w > start:
            clip_start = max(start, col)
            for offset in range(min(end, col + grapheme_w) - clip_start):
                _write_cells(fillchar, 1, clip_start + offset)

        col += grapheme_w
        idx += len(grapheme)

    return _reconstruct_painter(cells, sequences, start, end, fillchar), captured_style


def clip(
    text: str,
    start: int,
    end: int,
    *,
    fillchar: str = ' ',
    tabsize: int = 8,
    ambiguous_width: int = 1,
    propagate_sgr: bool = True,
    control_codes: Literal['parse', 'strict', 'ignore'] = 'parse',
    overtyping: Optional[bool] = None,
) -> str:
    r"""
    Clip text to display columns (start, end) while preserving all terminal sequences.

    This function extracts a substring based on visible column positions rather than
    character indices. Terminal escape sequences are preserved in the output since
    they have zero display width. If a wide character (width 2) is split at
    either boundary, it is replaced with ``fillchar``.

    TAB characters (``\t``) are expanded to spaces up to the next tab stop,
    controlled by the ``tabsize`` parameter. When cursor movement is detected,
    a "painter's algorithm" is used, cursor movements actively change the write
    position, allowing cursor-left and carriage return to overwrite previously
    written cells. It is assumed that ``text`` begins at column 0.

    **OSC 8 hyperlinks** are handled specially: the visible text inside a hyperlink
    is clipped to the requested column range, and the hyperlink is rebuilt around
    the clipped text.  Empty hyperlinks (those with no remaining visible text after
    clipping) are removed::

        >>> clip('\x1b]8;;http://example.com\x07Click This link\x1b]8;;\x07', 6, 10)
        '\x1b]8;;http://example.com\x07This\x1b]8;;\x07'

    :param text: String to clip, may contain terminal escape sequences.
    :param start: Absolute starting column (inclusive, 0-indexed).
    :param end: Absolute ending column (exclusive).
    :param fillchar: Character to use when a wide character must be split at
        a boundary (default space). Must have display width of 1.
    :param tabsize: Tab stop width (default 8). Set to 0 to pass tabs through
        as zero-width (preserved in output but don't advance column position).
    :param ambiguous_width: Width to use for East Asian Ambiguous (A)
        characters. Default is ``1`` (narrow). Set to ``2`` for CJK contexts.
    :param propagate_sgr: If True (default), SGR (terminal styling) sequences
        are propagated. The result begins with any active style at the start
        position and ends with a reset sequence if styles are active.
    :param control_codes: How to handle control characters and sequences:

        - ``'parse'`` (default): Track horizontal cursor movement and clip
          hyperlink text.  Cursor overwrite is always allowed, with best effort
          results; indeterminate sequences (home, clear, reset, etc.) are
          preserved as zero-width.
        - ``'strict'``: Like ``parse``, but raises :exc:`ValueError` on
          sequences with indeterminate effects (cursor home, clear screen,
          reset, vertical movement, etc.) matching :func:`width` behavior.
          Also raises on out-of-bounds horizontal cursor movement.
        - ``'ignore'``: All control characters are treated as zero-width.
          Cursor movement is not tracked (fastest path).

    :param overtyping: Whether to use the painter's algorithm for cursor
        movement (``\b`` backspace, ``\r`` carriage return, and CSI cursor
        left/right/position sequences).  When ``None`` (default), auto-detects
        by scanning for these characters in *text*.  Set to ``False`` for improved
        performance when the caller knows *text* contains no cursor movement
        characters.  Set to ``True`` to force the painter's algorithm (useful
        for testing).  Has no effect when ``control_codes='ignore'``.

    :returns: Substring of ``text`` spanning display columns (start, end),
        with all terminal sequences preserved and wide characters at boundaries
        replaced with ``fillchar``.

    :raises ValueError: If ``control_codes='strict'`` and an indeterminate-effect
        sequence or out-of-bounds cursor movement is encountered.

    SGR (terminal styling) sequences are propagated by default. The result
    begins with any active style and ends with a reset::

        >>> clip('\x1b[1;34mHello world\x1b[0m', 6, 11)
        '\x1b[1;34mworld\x1b[0m'

    Set ``propagate_sgr=False`` to disable this behavior.

    .. versionadded:: 0.3.0

    .. versionchanged:: 0.5.0
       Added ``propagate_sgr`` parameter (default True).

    .. versionchanged:: 0.7.0
       Added ``control_codes`` parameter (default 'parse').
       OSC 8 hyperlink-aware clipping.  OSC 66 text sizing protocol support.
       Added ``overtyping`` parameter (default None, auto-detect).

    Example::

        >>> clip('hello world', 0, 5)
        'hello'
        >>> clip('中文字', 0, 3)  # Wide char split at column 3
        '中 '
        >>> clip('a\tb', 0, 10)  # Tab expanded to spaces
        'a       b'
    """
    start = max(start, 0)
    if end <= start:
        return ''

    # Fast path: printable ASCII only.
    if text.isascii() and text.isprintable():
        return text[start:end]

    # No escape sequences => no SGR tracking needed.
    has_esc = '\x1b' in text
    if propagate_sgr and not has_esc:
        propagate_sgr = False

    # Determine whether painter's algorithm is needed.
    if overtyping is None:
        # Auto-detect: scan for cursor movement characters.
        overtyping = (
            control_codes != 'ignore' and
            ('\x08' in text or '\r' in text or
             (has_esc and bool(_HORIZONTAL_CURSOR_MOVEMENT.search(text))))
        )
    elif overtyping and control_codes == 'ignore':
        overtyping = False  # control_codes='ignore' overrides
    fn_clip = _clip_painter if overtyping else _clip_simple

    return _apply_sgr_wrap(*fn_clip(
        text=text,
        start=start,
        end=end,
        propagate_sgr=propagate_sgr,
        ambiguous_width=ambiguous_width,
        fillchar=fillchar,
        tabsize=tabsize,
        strict=(control_codes == 'strict'),
        control_codes=control_codes,
    ))
