The Linux Danish/International HOWTO
  Thomas Petersen, petersen@risoe.dk
  v1.0,	9 March	1994

  This document	describes how to configure Linux and various Linux
  applications for use with the	Danish characterset and	keyboard. It is
  hoped	that Linux users from other places in Western Europe will find
  this document	of use too.

  1.  Introduction

  All European users of	almost any operating system have two problems:
  The first is to tell the OS that you have a non-american keyboard, and
  the second is	to get the OS to display the special letters.

  Under	Linux you change the way your computer interprets the keyboard
  with the commands xmodmap and	loadkeys. loadkeys will	modify the
  keyboard for plain Linux while 'xmodmap' makes the modifications
  necessary when the handshaking between X and Linux is	imperfect.

  To display the characters you	need to	tell your applications that you
  use the ISO-8859-Latin-1 international set of	glyphs.	Mostly this is
  not necessary, but a number of key applications need special
  attention.

  This Mini-Howto is intended to tell Danish users how to do this, but
  will hopefully be of help to many other people.

  If you continue to have troubles after reading this you should try the
  German HOWTO,	 the Keystroke HOWTO for Linux or the ISO 8859-1 FAQ.
  They have tips for many applications.	Many of	the hints contained
  herein are cribbed from there. The HOWTOs are	available from all
  respectable mirrors of sunsite.unc.edu while the ISO 8859-1 FAQ is
  available from ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at in /pub/8bit/FAQ-ISO-8859-1.


  2.  Keyboard setup





  2.1.	Loading	a Danish keytable


  Keyboard mappings are	in /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/.  Try typing	either
  of these two commands	to load	one


       /usr/bin/loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk.map
       /usr/bin/loadkeys /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-lat1.map




  The difference between the two lines is that dk-lat1.map uses	`dead'
  keys while dk.map doesn't.  Dead keys	are explained in section ``Dead-
  Keys''.

  You can change the keymapping	loaded at boot by editing the file
  /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap.

  If this doesn't work you simply haven't installed support for
  international	keyboards.


  2.2.	Getting	the AltGr key to work under X


  Edit the file	/etc/Xconfig (under XFree86 2.0) or /etc/X11/XF86Config
  (underXFree86	3.x) and make sure the line


	 RightAlt    ModeShift




  appears in the Keyboard section. Usually you can do this by uncomment-
  ing an appropriate line.


  2.3.	Dead keys and accented characters


  Dead keys are	those who don't	type anything until you	hit another key.
  Tildes and umlauts are like this by default under Microsoft Windows
  and if you use the dk-lat1.map keymap	under Linux.


  2.3.1.  Removing dead	key functionality

  Under	plain Linux type


       loadkeys	dk.map





  2.3.2.  Invoking dead	key functionality


  o  Invoking dead key functionality under plain Linux


     Under plain Linux type


       loadkeys	dk-lat1.map





  o  Invoking dead key functionality under X11R5 sessions


     Insert the	following lines	in a file ~/.Xmodmap or	/etc/X11/Xmodmap


       keycode 21 = acute      Dgrave_accent	       bar
       keycode 35 = Ddiaeresis Dcircumflex_accent      Dtilde




  You can now make  the	dead keys work by typing (e.g.)	 xmodmap
  .Xmodmap. Using the Slackware	distribution this commando will	be auto-
  matically executed next time you run X.

  o  Invoking dead key functionality under X11R6 sessions


     Under X11R6 applications dead keys	won't work unless they were
     compiled with support for unusual input methods. The only
     application reported to do	so is kterm - an xterm substitute.
     Eventually	the situation might improve, but as it is you can't do
     much but revert to	X11R5 or hack every application	you own. Do not
     attempt the method	described for X11R5.




  2.4.	Making o (oslash) O (Ooblique) and the dollar sign work



  2.4.1.  o (oslash) and O (Ooblique)

  Find out what	keymap you load	at boot-up. You	should be able to find
  out by typing	less /etc/rc.d/rc.keymap.  On my computer it is	called
  /usr/lib/kbd/keytables/dk-lat1.map. Find the line for	keycode	40 in
  this file and	change it from


       keycode	40 = cent	       yen




  to


       keycode	40 = oslash	       Ooblique




  and load the keytable	as described in	section	``LoadKeys''.

  Note:	This bug appears to have been fixed in version 0.88 of the
  international	keytable package.


  2.4.2.  Dollar sign

  The dollar sign is accessed with Shift-4 instead of AltGr-4 by
  default. You can fix this by changing	the line


       keycode	 5 = four	      dollar	       dollar




  in the keymap	file to	e.g.


       keycode	 5 = four	      asciicircum      dollar




  It doesn't matter if you something else instead asciicircum if it is
  just a valid symbol name.  See section ``Glyphs'' for	a list of valid
  symbols.
  3.  Display and application setup



  3.1.	International character	sets in	specific applications

  A number of applications demand special attention. This section
  descibes how to set up configuration filesfor	them.


  o  bash v.1.13+ : Put	the following in your .inputrc file


       set meta-flag on
       set convert-meta	off
       set output-meta on





  o  tcsh: Put the following in	your /etc/csh.login or .tcshrc file


       setenv LC_CTYPE ISO-8859-1
       stty pass8





  o  less: Set the following environment variable


       LESSCHARSET=latin1





  o  elm: Set the following environment	variables


       LANG=C
       LC_CTYPE=ISO-8859-1





  o  emacs: Put	the following in your .emacs or	the /usr/lib/emacs/site-
     lisp/default.el file:


       (standard-display-european t)

       (set-input-mode (car (current-input-mode))
	       (nth 1 (current-input-mode))
	       0)





  o  TeX / LaTeX: Cribbed from the ISO 8859-1 FAQ by Michael Gschwind
     <mike@vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at>:
     In	LaTeX 2.09, use


       \documentstyle[isolatin]{article}




  to include support for ISO latin1 characters.	In LaTeX2e, the	commands


       \documentclass{article}
       \usepackage{isolatin}




  will do the job.  isolatin.sty is available from all CTAN servers and
  from URL ftp://ftp.vlsivie.tuwien.ac.at/pub/8bit.


  3.2.	What characters	you can	display	under Linux

  Type dumpkeys	-l | less at the prompt	to find	out what is readily
  available. You can map them to your keyboard via the keymap files
  mentioned in section ``LoadKeys''.

  X11R5	Note: The dead keys don't get the correct names	under X11R5 with
  this scheme. Generally

       dead_* (under plain Linux) => D*	or D*_accent (under X11R5)


  (i.e.	the tilde may be dead_tilde in dk-lat1.map but X11R5 expects the
  dead tilde to	be called Dtilde.) This	does not apply to X11R6.


  3.3.	Loading	the Latin-1 characer set on the	console

  Execute the following	commands under the bash	shell:


       setfont /usr/lib/kbd/consolefonts/lat1-16.psf
       mapscrn /usr/lib/kbd/consoletrans/trivial
       echo -ne	'\033(K'




  Note:	This only has effect under plain Linux.	Do not try it under X.


  4.  Post-amble: Acknowledgements and Copyright

  Thanks to Peter Dalgaard, Anders Majland, the	authors	of the German
  Howto	and Michael Gschwind for help with several questions.

  This Mini-Howto is copyrighted by Thomas Petersen and	distributed as
  other	Linux HOWTOs under the terms described below.

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